Chandrayaan 2

Chandrayaan 2 is an Indian lunar mission that will boldly go where no country has ever been — the Moon's Moon'spolar region. This effort aims to improve our understanding of the Moon — discoveries that will benefit India and humanity as a whole. These insights and experiences aim at a paradigm shift in how lunar expeditions are approached for years to come — propelling further voyages into the farthest frontiers. The Moon is the closest cosmic body where space discovery can be attempted and documented. It is also a promising test bed to demonstrate technologies required for deep-space missions. Chandrayaan 2 attempts to foster a new age of discovery, increase our understanding of space, stimulate the advancement of technology, promote global alliances, and inspire a future generation of explorers and scientists. Moon provides the best linkage to Earth’sEarth'shistory. It offers an undisturbed historical record of the inner Solar system environment. Though there are a few mature models, the origin of the Moon still needs further explanations. Extensive mapping of the lunar surface to study variations in lunar surface composition is essential to trace back the origin and evolution of the Moon. Evidence for water molecules discovered by Chandrayaan-1 requires further studies on the extent of water molecule distribution on the surface, below the surface and in the tenuous lunar exosphere to address the origin of water on the Moon.

The lunar South Pole is exciting because the lunar surface area remains in shadow much larger than the North Pole. There is a possibility of the presence of water in permanently shadowed areas around it. In addition, the South Pole region has craters that are cold traps and contain a fossil record of the early Solar System.

Chandrayaan-2 will attempt to soft land the Lander and Rover-Pragyan in a high plain between two craters, Manzinus C and Simpelius N, at about 70° south latitudes. The GSLV Mk-III will carry Chandrayaan 2 to its designated orbit. This three-stage vehicle is India's most useful launcher to date, and it can launch a 4-ton class of satellites to the Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). At the time of launch, the Chandrayaan 2 Orbiter will be capable of communicating with the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) at Byalalu and the Vikram Lander. The mission life of the Orbiter is one year, and it will be placed in a 100X100 km lunar polar orbit. The Lander of Chandrayaan 2 is named Vikram after Dr Vikram A Sarabhai, the Father of the Indian Space Programme. It is designed to function for one lunar day, equivalent to about 14 Earth days. Vikram can communicate with IDSN at Byalalu near Bangalore and with t and Rover. The Lander slandered to execute a soft landing on the lunar surface. Chandrayaan 2's Rov2 'sisis is a 6-wheeled robotic vehicle named Pragyan, which translates to wisdom in Sanskrit. It can travel up to 500 m (½-a-km) and leverages solar energy to function. It can only communicate with the LLander